Realistic Fiction: The Fault In Our Stars by John Green

Green, John. (2012). The Fault In Our Stars. New York, NY: Dutton Books. ISBN 9781101569184

Summary

The Fault In Our Stars by John Green follows the teenage life of Hazel Lancaster, a sixteen year old fighting stage IV thyroid cancer. Hazel meets Augustus Waters, a handsome seventeen year old, at a cancer support group for people ages 12 to 18. Augustus and Hazel experience friendship, heartache, romance, disappointment, survival, and hope in this heart-wrenching, yet, endearing tale of true love and finding oneself.

Analysis

The Fault In Our Stars takes place in Indianapolis, Indiana and mentions real locations throughout the city, making the story more authentic to the reader. Descriptions provided of churches, homes, and hospitals are vivid, giving the reader an opportunity for realistic visualizations. The story takes us on many a roller coaster ride, with emotions teetering between excitement and frustration, tears rolling from sad to happy.  More than one climactic moment occurs, keeping the reader glued with every page turn.  

Hazel, the protagonist, is a bit of a homebody at the beginning of the story. After meeting special friends like Augustus and Isaac in the support group, she evolves into a well-rounded sixteen year old, finally finding herself among her friends and loved ones. Augustus, who becomes Hazel’s boyfriend, brings out the best in many characters. Augustus’ feelings and actions remain stagnant throughout the story, even when his circumstances change. Parents and friends of Hazel and Augustus play important roles in shaping who they are and who they become.

The most effective aspect of this book is the realness provided by the characters through Green’s exquisite writing. Throughout her struggle, Hazel talks of “cancer perks” but also recognizes the effects her illness has on others, whether it’s her parents, friends, or outsiders.  The story covers the actuality of a teenager’s life from home life to friendship to romance, yet it portrays their lives in a different light because of the sicknesses the majority of the characters face. Many times, the characters refer to things as being “side effects” whether it is to cancer, life, or death. They recognize the difficulties they face with their diseases, yet they provide us with realistic accounts of what happens in a teenager’s life, from the dynamics of friendships changing to the heartache that comes along with a break-up. Because of Green’s realistic writing, the reader can’t help but feel for each character and the struggles and triumphs they endure each day.

Dialogue between the characters is natural and mostly believable. There are points where the language used by the characters seems unrealistic, a little too advanced for sixteen and seventeen year olds, but Green’s writing reminds us of how insightful they are. Phrases like “the world is not a wish-granting factory” are repeated throughout the story. This repetitive language emphasizes the longing they have for a “normal” life. Regardless of the both triumphant and sorrowful events,   the story teaches the reader that love can get someone through the toughest of times, that there’s more to someone than just their “cancer story”, and that “grief does not change you, it reveals you.”

Personal Response

I was able to make personal connections with the setting. As previously mentioned, the book takes place in Indianapolis, where much of my family lives. Hazel talks of going to the Castleton Mall, a shopping center where my own sister works, and Broad Ripple, an area of town where a cousin of mine resides. Being able to picture these actual locations made the story all the more real to me.

Immediately after finishing the book, I felt very disheartened. I couldn’t help but feel guilty for my health that I’ve been so lucky to have. Even though these are fictional characters, I felt as if they were my friends experiencing these life changing diseases. After a few days of reflection, I was able to appreciate the literature for its realism and feel less depressed. Regardless of my sad feelings, I would highly recommend this book to others, but I’d advise them to read it with a box of Kleenex!

Reviews and Awards

Booklist starred 01/01/12

Horn Book starred 03/01/12

Kirkus Reviews starred 01/15/12

Library Media Connection starred 08/01/12

“Beautifully conceived and executed, this story artfully examines the largest possible considerations—life, love, and death—with sensitivity, intelligence, honesty, and integrity. In the process, Green shows his readers what it is like to live with cancer, sometimes no more than a breath or a heartbeat away from death. But it is life that Green spiritedly celebrates here, even while acknowledging its pain. In its every aspect, this novel is a triumph.”- Booklist

“Intelligent vocabulary, generous references to literature, and witty cultural commentary make this a delight to read and a refreshing, sophisticated addition to the field of YA literature.”- Library Media Connection

“Green seamlessly bridges the gap between the present and the existential, and readers will need more than one box of tissues to make it through Hazel and Gus' poignant journey.” –Kirkus Reviews

Connections

John Green has written several books for young adult readers. His work lends itself well to an author study.

Looking for Alaska

An Abundance of Katherines

Paper Towns

Will Grayson

There may be students within a school or nearby who are facing the same realities as the characters in the story. Cancer fighters and survivors could be invited to share their experiences with students in the school. 

Fantasy: When You Reach Me by Rebecca Stead

Stead, Rebecca. (2009). When You Reach Me. New York, Random House, Inc. ISBN 9780385737425

Summary

When You Reach Me is the tale of Miranda, a twelve year old in New York who receives mysterious letters from an unknown person from the future. As time passes and more letters arrive, Miranda loses touch with her friend Sal, harvests new friendships with Annemarie and Colin, and helps her mom practice for her appearance on “The $20,000 Pyramid”.

Analysis

When You Reach Me is set in New York City in the 1970’s. The apartment in which Miranda and her mother lived is often described as dilapidated, something that a poor, single mother and child would often experience. Miranda and her friends are very aware of their surroundings. References to the dangerous nature of the New York streets help the reader visualize the locations described. Many things take place on the corner of Amsterdam Avenue, a significant location in the story. Jimmy’s sandwich shop also plays an important role in the story.

Each character plays a very special role in the story. Our protagonist, Miranda, is an optimistic child who gives anyone a chance. She’s heartbroken when her best friend, Sal, stops speaking to her, only to learn later that he just wanted time to make more friends. In their time apart, Miranda herself makes new friends, Annemarie and Colin. Her dislike for Julia, a somewhat dislikeable character in the story, changes when she sees the longing for an old friend in Julia’s eyes, something Miranda understands. Proof that she will befriend anyone, Miranda spends some time with Marcus, a boy who unexpectedly punches Sal. She also gives the crazy “laughing man” on the corner a chance. Miranda also has endearing relationships with her mother’s boyfriend, Richard, and a girl at school named Alice who has peculiar bathroom needs.

The plot follows an interesting path. Through most of the story, the events are realistic, making it hard to grasp the idea of it being a science fiction novel. Once the letters begin to appear as if from the future, the sci-fi notion is easier for the reader to understand. The climax blows the reader away, making odd connections to events that happened throughout the entire story and tying unexpected characters together.

Miranda never gives up on her feelings about time travel, even when challenged by other characters. Their beliefs help the reader feel as if this truly could happen. Stead’s quirky writing makes the reader feel as if time travel is truly possible. Her words also make us cheer for Miranda during her triumphs and tribulations.

Miranda’s perseverance is eminent in many aspects of her life…through maintaining friendships, supporting family, and searching to find the truth to the mysterious letters. Themes of friendship and independence are also present.

Personal Response

                                                 

Because of the mostly realistic nature of the story, I had difficulties following. When the story reached the climax, I found myself looking back toward the beginning of the story, piecing together every bit of the puzzle. Although it is sometimes confusing, the endearing story would be a great read for students who are into mysterious, eventful novels.

Reviews and Awards

2010 Boston Globe-Horn Book Award for Excellence in Children's Literature Winner
2010 John Newbery Medal Winner

“Charmingly eccentric and impossible to categorize, this middle grade novel pays homage to Madeleine L'Engle's A Wrinkle in Time while employing many of that book's elements as it crisscrosses the boundaries between reality and fantasy, time travel and mystery.” –Uma Krishnaswami, Children's Literature

“Some might guess at the baffling, heart-pounding conclusion, but when all the sidewalk characters from Miranda's Manhattan world converge amid mind-blowing revelations and cunning details, teen readers will circle back to the beginning and say, "Wow...cool." – Kirkus Reviews

“The story's revelations are startling and satisfying but quietly made. Their reverberations give plenty of impetus for readers to go back and catch what was missed.” –Horn Book Starred

Connections

The science fiction nature of When You Reach Me stems from the time travel involved in the story. Students can be inspired to write their own tale of time travel, only they need to travel not for the benefit of themselves, but for someone else’s well being. It can be totally fictional or based on one of their own life events.

Rebecca Stead’s writing in When You Reach Me is very endearing. Students can fall in love with more of her characters by reading another one of her books:

                First Light

                Liar and Spy

Fantasy/Graphic Novel: Lunch Lady and the Cyborg Substitute by Jarrett Krosoczka

Krosoczka, Jarrett J. (2009). Lunch Lady and the Cyborg Substitute. New York: Random House, Inc. ISBN 9780375946837

Summary                                           

Lunch Lady and the Cyborg Substitute is a fanciful graphic novel illustrating the secret identity of the school lunch lady. When substitutes begin showing up at school, creating unreasonable assignments for students, the Lunch Lady digs deep to find out what’s really going on. Students named Hector, Dee, and Terrence secretly follow the Lunch Lady in hopes of finding out more about her. They learn of her secret identity and witness her heroic efforts to save the students from the evil cyborg substitutes.

Analysis

This Lunch Lady tale appropriately takes place in a school. Regular facets of a school are included, however, there is a special boiler room where the Lunch Lady and her friend and sidekick, Betty, develop their ideas and contraptions.

Characters are comical and fit the typical good vs. evil nature of comic books. Hector, Dee, and Terrence are curious schoolchildren who are fascinated by their lunch lady. Lunch Lady herself is a hilarious character, fighting crime with kitchen gadgets and puns. The cyborg, Mr. Pasteur, plays a wonderfully despised substitute, and Mr. Edison, the trickster teacher, fits the villain position well.

The story takes us through a typical plot line. After learning about the characters in the introduction, our rising action develops when the students seek information about the Lunch Lady, while Lunch Lady seeks information about Mr. Pasteur. The climax arrives when Lunch Lady discovers that Pasteur is really a cyborg developed by Mr. Edison in an effort to win Teacher of the Year. Lunch Lady destroys the cyborgs. In the falling action, normalcy is restored in the school. In the end, however, jailbird Edison has a visitor that is “ready for their next assignment”, enticing readers to move on to the next Lunch Lady book.

Krosoczka’s style of writing is kid and adult friendly. His “punny” writing entertains the reader and keeps the story focused on the fact that she works in a school cafeteria. Lunch Lady uses a lunch tray laptop, spork phone, and spatu-copter to help research her nemesis and plan her attack. Her chosen weaponry is chicken nugget bombs and fish stick nunchucks. She uses expressions like, “I’m on him like cheese on macaroni!” and “It looks like today’s special is a knuckle sandwich!”. Throughout Lunch Lady’s hilarious story line, themes of good versus evil emerge.

A final important feature of the graphic novel is the illustrations. Not every illustration is supplemented with words, so Krosoczka’s unique drawings help tell the story. Each page is colored mostly in grayscale, with touches of yellow to enhance various parts of the illustrations.

Personal Response

Lunch Lady and the Cyborg Substitute is a fun graphic novel. I can understand why students are so enthralled with not only Krosoczka’s hysterical stories, but graphic novels in general. These books are a great way to hook reluctant readers, especially boys!

Reviews and Awards

2010 Children’s Choice Award Winner

“With plenty of silliness and slapstick in the text and panel art alike, this comic should alleviate lunch-line boredom with visions of servers wielding fishstick-nunchucks and growling, "Today's special is a knuckle sandwich." – Publisher’s Weekly

“This tongue-in-cheek superheroine graphic novel will hit the spot for chapter-book readers.” -Booklist

Connections

Students can chose another important adult in the school (i.e. librarian, principal, custodian) and create an alter ego for them. They can create their own comic book adventure for their chosen character.

Jarrett Krosoczka provides wonderful presentations to students about following your dreams and never giving up. A librarian can invite him to share his stories of struggles and triumphs while evolving into an extraordinary author/illustrator. Information for school visits is available at http://www.studiojjk.com/schoolvisits.html

Historical Fiction: The Green Glass Sea by Ellen Klages

Klages, Ellen. (2006). The Green Glass Sea. New York, NY: Penguin Young Readers. ISBN067061344

Summary

The Green Glass Sea is a touching tale of Dewey Kerrigan, the daughter of a scientist working with the Manhattan Project. Dewey leads an interesting life as a motherless child living in a top secret military operation... developing her own gadgets and gizmos, taking a big interest in radios, and, due to government needs and a tragic accident, learns to live life without her father. Living with a classmate who doesn’t particularly like her, Dewey experiences loneliness, loss, new friendship, and new excitements as the “gadget” is created and tested in Los Alamos.

Analysis

The story takes place in Los Alamos, New Mexico, the actual location of the Manhattan Project. Klages vividly illustrates “the Hill” through the descriptions of the housing, the high security, the dump, the nothingness of the surrounding areas, and finally, Trinity, the location of the first test of the atomic bomb. The novel is sectioned by year to depict the passage of time, while keeping dates relevant to historical events. The reader is kept on the edge of their seat throughout the entire story, wondering how long Dewey and her father will be separated, as well as the excitement building as the gadget gets closer and closer to being finished and tested.

Each character has a very special place in The Green Glass Sea. The reader can’t help but feel for Dewey as she experiences one difficulty after another…moving in with a grouchy neighbor due to her nana’s stroke, unexpectedly moving to a brand new place in the world, experiencing torment from other kids, and the loss of her father. The reader also grows with Suze, another child the same age as Dewey.  Suze tends to intimidate others but deep down, has good intentions. When Dewey’s father has to leave and, unbeknownst to them at the time, will never return, Dewey moves in with Suze’s family. The girls’ relationship begins with animosity, but later, develops into a well rounded friendship. Both girls are dynamic characters, changing with the celebrations and tragedies experienced in the story. All adults referenced have great importance, but emphasis is placed on their absences due to their influence on the “gadget”.

Numbers, Greek letters, and the importance of family are all emphasized throughout the book. Dewey often refers to her special connection with her father and his love of numbers and math, particularly when we learn that her birth name is Duodecima, the Latin word for twelve. After the news of her father’s tragic death, Dewey keeps her focus on numbers, because “numbers don’t change. Numbers don’t leave. Numbers don’t die.” Suze takes an interest in Greek letters. After learning about them from her parents, Suze uses Greek letters throughout her artwork and also as a secret language in her new friendship with Dewey. Finally, the reader feels tremendous pain for Dewey when she loses her father. She learns, however, that blood related or not, family will always take care of you.

Klages writes with clear passion about the project, linking Dewey’s fascination with gadgets to the actual military operation evolving. The descriptions of ID badges, secret addresses, and messages written in code help the reader sympathize with the hardships that come with living on government property and working within top secret organizations.

The inclusion of real historical figures such as Adolf Hitler and Franklin Roosevelt combined with trips to real locations, like the visit to Trinity after the test, establish authenticity of the historical fiction element to The Green Glass Sea. In her author’s note, Klages informs the reader of the real and fictional aspects of the story, and also includes references to World War II information.

Personal Response

The Green Glass Sea began slowly in my opinion, but once Dewey’s father was back in Washington, I felt as if I couldn’t put the book down. My heart broke for Dewey many times, but I also knew that, as a strong character, she would overcome each setback. I would highly recommend the book to other readers.

Awards and Reviews

A 2007 Scott O’Dell Award for Historical Fiction Winner

A 2007 Judy Lopez Memorial Award for Children’s Literature Winner

“The characters are exceptionally well drawn, and the compelling, unusual setting makes a great tie-in for history classes.” –John Green, Booklist

“If the book is a little slow-moving at times, the author provides much insight into the controversies surrounding the making of the bomb and brings to life the tensions of war experienced by adults and children alike.”” –Publishers Weekly

Connections

This novel lends itself to many curriculum connections. Students can research more information about the Manhattan Project, the Trinity Test, or World War II in general.

Related books:

Sheinkin, Steve. (2012). Bomb: The Race to Build—and Steal—the World’s Most Dangerous Weapon.

New York, NY: Flash Point. ISBN 9781596434875. 

Historical Fiction: The Midwife's Apprentice by Karen Cushman

Cushman, Karen. (1994). The Midwife's Apprentice. New York, NY: Clarion Books. ISBN 0395692296

Summary

               

                The Midwife’s Apprentice is a touching tale of a young, homeless girl who is taken in by a village midwife. Found sleeping in a pile of dung for warmth, the child only known as Brat is taught the ways of the strict midwife, Jane. Brat is known to Jane as Beetle, but renames herself Alyce after being mistaken for another person. Alyce works hard and does what she can to help others, but severely lacks confidence. Fear of failure overwhelms Alyce, causing her to perform poorly while a woman is birthing a child. Ashamed of her misfortune, Alyce runs away and, over time, builds her confidence to become what the midwife wanted in an apprentice, a strong and determined young woman.

Analysis

                Although she is meek and unsure of herself, Alyce is a very strong, dynamic character. The reader can’t help but feel heartbroken for her as she speaks of “[dreaming] of nothing, [hoping] for nothing, and [expecting] nothing”. She is unfamiliar with family, prayers, songs, or kind words, until unlikely friends guide her to be compassionate. The midwife’s high expectations and harsh words cause Alyce to cower under pressure, losing any bit of confidence she may have had and running off to a new place of work and home. Her dynamic nature is displayed when she delivers a baby without fear or hesitation, stands up to the midwife and proves her newfound perseverance.

                Set in medieval England, The Midwife’s Apprentice storyline is reflective of the time. The setting is an integral part of the story and the history is presented accurately. The lack of medicinal knowledge and the use of potions and various herbs in childbirth helps the reader gather what life was like as a midwife during these times, as doctors were not prevalent. The reader is taken through a traditional plot line as we learn about Alyce’s fate from a somber beginning to a climactic ending.

                A strong theme of perseverance and determination is present throughout the story. As Alyce grows into a confident young woman, she realizes that “from someone who had no place in the world, she had suddenly become someone with a surfeit of places”. Static characters note the change, wanting her to remain a part of their lives.

                Cushman’s use of language is reflective of the time period in which the story is set. While a young reader may find the language confusing and difficult to relate to, the words and voice are very powerful.  The story is told in a third-person perspective, but the feelings omitted by Alyce, as well as all the other characters, are easily interpreted.

                In an author’s note at the end of the book, Cushman proves her credibility with facts about midwifery, mostly during the medieval age. She makes connections to current times, making it easier for the reader to understand the differences between then and now. Based on the facts provided in the author’s note, the historical events in the story prove to be very authentic.

Personal Response

                I think The Midwife’s Apprentice is a wonderful historical fiction novel. It takes the reader very far into history, a time that young students may not be familiar with. The attitudes and language may be difficult for students to understand, and the content can be a bit much at times with birth descriptions and a topless female on an available cover art, however, the book would  be well suited for a mature young adult fan of historical fiction.

Awards and Reviews

A 1996 John Newbery Medal Winner

“Kids will like this short, fast-paced narrative about a hero who discovers that she's not ugly or stupid or alone.” –Hazel Rochman, Booklist

ALA Notable Children’s Books, 1996

Booklist starred, 1995

School Library Journal starred, 1995

Horn Book starred

Connections

Karen Cushman’s novels lend themselves well to either an author study or a historical fiction genre study. Teachers and librarians can consider reading the following texts by Cushman:

Catherine, Called Birdy. (1994)

The Ballad of Lucy Whipple.(1994)

Matilda Bone. (2000)

Will Sparrow’s Road. (2012)

Historical Fiction: Turtle in Paradise by Jennifer L. Holm

Holm, Jennifer L. (2010). Turtle In Paradise. New York: Random House. ISBN 9780375836886

Summary

                Turtle in Paradise is the story of a spunky eleven year old girl living during the Great Depression. In an effort to find a job, Turtle’s mother takes a housekeeping job with an elderly woman who does not allow children in her home. Due to these rules, Turtle is forced to move to Key West, Florida to live with her aunt and four boy cousins, none of whom she had ever met. During this time, Turtle experiences many new things…traveling from house to house with her “diaper gang” cousins, meeting and building a relationship with her grandmother, seeking buried treasure, and surviving a hurricane.

Analysis

                Turtle in Paradise is a wonderful historical fiction read. The characters are very realistic and easily understood. Opposite from her mother, Turtle makes it clear that she lives a no-nonsense life when she says “Mama has soft blue eyes and all she sees are kittens and roses. My eyes are gray as soot, and I see things for what they are.” With this notion, the reader understands that Turtle is one tough eleven year old, while her mother lives in a Hollywood-themed fantasyland. Her cousins are made out to be exactly what one may picture young boys in the thirties to be…tough, a little messy, and downright mean. They do, however, come around and watch out for each other, and even for Turtle.

                The plot follows the traditional fiction format, however, significant historical events are included to enhance the story. In this case, several references are made to Shirley Temple and Little Orphan Annie. The struggles the adults endure are reflective of what really went on during the Great Depression. Finally, the climax of the story takes place during the “Labor Day Hurricane”, an actual significant moment in Key West history.  With all of these features included in the story, Turtle In Paradise is appropriately set. Holm did a wonderful job of incorporating significant people, events, and characteristics into her setting of Key West.

The story has an overarching theme of family and knowing where one comes from. Although Turtle is hesitant to live her new life in Florida, she is able to “come out of her shell” and grow as a person, thanks to the help of her family. Even her mother’s idealistic thoughts transform Turtle’s personality and appreciation for relatives. The ending, although momentarily heartbreaking, brings everyone together, once again, displaying the importance of family. 

                Throughout the entire story, Holm uses wonderful voice, making it easy for the reader to visualize exactly what life was like for Turtle and her family. The story is told from a first-person perspective, giving us a clear understanding of Turtle’s thoughts. The incorporation of Key West lingo makes for a very fun read. The reader learns new meaning to words like conch, which not only refers to a type of seashell, but also refers to a resident of the Florida Keys. When Turtle asks a local why everyone has strange nicknames like Pork Chop or Slow Poke, he refers to it as “the Key West way”.

                Following the story, Holm includes an author’s note that gives accurate information about the real time, location, and people involved in the story. She notes that Turtle in Paradise was inspired by her great-grandmother’s experiences in the Florida Keys. She includes real pictures to add to the authenticity of her research. She also includes a bibliographic listing of her resources, proving that the story is credible. Although the characters aren’t entirely real, the book itself is an accurate depiction of what life would be like for a child like Turtle in the 1930s.

Personal Response

                I absolutely loved Turtle in Paradise. Turtle’s thoughts were much more realistic than her mother’s, which made my heart ache for her with her lack of a carefree childhood. Holm did an excellent job of making the history come alive through her tale, creating a historical fiction piece that is sure to be loved by many readers.

Reviews and Awards

A 2011 Golden Kite Award Winner

A 2011 John Newbery Medal Honor Book

“Holm's voice for Turtle is winning and authentic that of a practical, clear-eyed observer and her nimble way with dialogue creates laugh-out-loud moments.” –Kirkus Reviews

“Infused with period pop culture references, a strong sense of place, and the unique traditions and culture of Key West natives, this humorous adventure effectively portrays Turtle as caught between her mother’s Hollywood-inspired dreams and the very real family and geography that offer a different kind of paradise.“- Publisher's Weekly

Connections

Many historical events are present throughout this book. After reading the novel, students can choose one of the significant events to research, such as the Great Depression or the Labor Day Hurricane. Students can also research more about daily life in the Keys in the 1930s.

Another historical fiction novel by Jennifer Holm:

Holm, Jennifer L. (2007). Penny From Heaven. New York, NT: Yearling. ISBN 978-0375836893

Informational Books: The Extraordinary Mark Twain (According to Susy) by Barbara Kerley

Kerley, Barbara. 2010. The Extraordinary Life of Mark Twain According to Susy. Ill. by Edwin Fotheringham. New York: Scholastic Press. ISBN 9780545125086

Summary

The Extraordinary Life of Mark Twain (According to Susy) is an out-of-the-ordinary biography of Mark Twain written from the perspective of his thirteen year old daughter, Susy.  In a biography of her own, Susy notes her father’s quirks and habits. She records bits of his early years, including his childhood and days of courting her mother. She also reveals his work habits and his narcissistic ways. Susy lovingly writes of her father and explains that people were “just plain wrong about [him]”.

Analysis

The Extraordinary Mark Twain is written as an informational picture book biography. There is a clear sequence to the story as it takes the reader through various aspects of Twain’s life from his daughter’s perceptions. Although there are no typical features of nonfiction, readers are given many facts about the humorous writer.

 Illustrator Edwin Fotheringham arranged his work in digital media, highlighting various features of the text with his creative illustrations. Every few pages, there is a small insert titled “journal” on the outside, which opens to Susy’s biography. This insert is typed in a handwriting font and displays some peculiar misspellings, similar to those of an average thirteen year old.

With enticing writing and lively illustrations, the reader can become transfixed in the life of Mark Twain. Information is presented in a literary nonfiction format, making it more appealing to the reluctant nonfiction reader. Information presented is relevant to the storyline, keeping the reader from being totally engulfed in Twain trivia.

Following the story is an author’s note describing Kerley’s knowledge of and interest in writing about Twain and Susy. Kerley also includes a guide for writing a biography, a timeline of Twain’s life, and an extensive list of sources, proving the book’s credibility. The source list is conveniently organized by the book’s chronology.

Personal Response

At first read, I had a difficult time following, jumping back and forth between story and journal entry. After rereading the story alone, then the journal entries alone, I was able to enjoy the story much more. I think that after reading this piece, a student may become more interested in the life and literature of Mark Twain. An interesting take on a biography, The Extraordinary Mark Twain (According to Susy) would be a great resource for upper elementary students when learning about biographies.

Reviews and Awards

A 2011 Orbis Pictus Award for Outstanding Nonfiction for Children Recommended Book

A 2010 Cybil Award Winner

“A heartwarming tribute to both the writing life in general and the well-loved humorist--oops, sorry Susy... ‘Pholosopher!’" –Kikus Reviews

"Kerley and Fotheringham again craft a masterfully perceptive and largely visual biography, this time about the iconnic 19th-century American writer." -School Library Journal

Connections

Students can compare the work of Kerley and Fotheringham to their first piece, What to Do About Alice.

Upper elementary/middle school students can read the works of Mark Twain, including Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.  

Informational Books: Biggest, Strongest, Fastest by Steve Jenkins

Jenkins, Steve. 1995. Biggest, Strongest, Fastest. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. ISBN 9780547255576

Summary

Biggest, Strongest, Fastest is a nonfiction text that illustrates and explains superlatives in our world, the biggest, strongest, and fastest creatures. From blue whales to Etruscan shrews, cheetahs to land snails, this book give the curious mind some insight into fourteen creatures that can be found in our world.

Analysis

After visiting his website (www.stevejenkinsbooks.com), a reader can understand Steve Jenkins’ love for science. As kin of a physics professor and astronomer, Jenkins grew up loving science. While the book does not have bibliographic data, the reader can see that accuracy was key in creating this book. Jenkins displays his credibility through the straight forward text and the realistic illustrations.

Jenkins organizes his text based on the various records the animals hold. He devotes two pages to almost every creature included. The animals are not listed in any particular order. Each page begins with the name of the animal, followed by the record held.  A more specific fact associated with the record is included, as well as a small illustration that displays the animal’s size in relation to a human or a hand, making it easy for the reader to grasp the creature’s actual size. An appendix referencing each animal’s record, size, diet, and range is included in the back of the book.  

Jenkins’ illustrations are a cut-paper collage, created to be as realistic as possible.  These appealing images grasp the reader from the start and aid in understanding what each animal is like.  The illustration of the bird spider is so remarkable that the reader could almost feel the softness of the sinister legs.

According to his website, Jenkins’ inspiration for the book was his son’s inquisitiveness over which animals were the biggest, strongest, and fastest. The curiosity led to the development of this child-friendly, nonfiction concept book. The reader is given exactly what they need to understand the records held and is not overwhelmed with information about the animal. The book exquisitely conveys Jenkins’ passion for both art and science.  

Personal Response

Biggest, Strongest, Fastest is a great nonfiction piece. I found the facts and illustrations both fascinating and informative. Since it does not overwhelm the reader with facts upon facts, it would make a great piece for an introductory lesson on nonfiction text, enticing more informational book readers.

Reviews

“From the streaking cheetah on the cover to the tiny Etruscan shrew sitting on a teaspoon, readers see the animal and learn salient facts plus a few more delicious tidbits. Cleverly done and sure to appeal to both the littlest and biggest of readers.” –Marilyn Courtot, Children’s Literature

“Here's proof that power isn't just about size and that science can be a lot of fun.” -Booklist

Connection

After reading Biggest, Strongest, Fastest, students can research an animal of their choice and write and illustrate one interesting fact about the animal. Each student can contribute their animal and illustration into a class book.

Steve Jenkins' books would lend themselves well to an author study. With over 30 published books regarding science, students are able to learn many new interesting facts and see Jenkins’ noteworthy illustrations across many topics.  

Informational Books: Balloons Over Broadway by Melissa Sweet

Sweet, Melissa. 2011.  Balloons Over Broadway: The True Story of the Puppeteer of Macy's Parade. New York: Houghton Mifflin Book for Children. ISBN 9780329926298

Summary

Balloons Over Broadway: The True Story of the Puppeteer of Macy’s Parade is an eye-catching, enjoyable story of the life of Tony Sarg. Author and Illustrator, Melissa Sweet, takes us on the journey of Sarg’s love of making things move, from pulleys in his bedroom for feeding the chickens, to whimsical marionettes, to the brilliant marionette-like balloons that are feature each year at the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade.  Sarg’s talent is brought to life through Sweet’s enchanting illustrations and storytelling.

Analysis

Balloons Over Broadway is an informational text written as a picture book biography. The sequence of events is logical, as Sweet shares Tony Sarg’s life as a puppeteer from childhood to adulthood.  The main focus of the story is his work with Macy’s Department Store. This includes his designs in their window displays, the first set of large balloons for the parade, and the improved marionette-like balloons that are still used today.

These events are spelled out in Sweet’s superb writing, which thoroughly explains Sarg’s ideas in a young reader-friendly format. Key vocabulary is defined in context. Typical features of nonfiction, such as subheadings and indexes, are not included due to the literary nonfiction format of the story. Important information about his life as a puppeteer is conveyed well and does not overwhelm the reader.

Balloons Over Broadway is eye-catching from the start. Sweet’s mixed media illustrations include watercolor pictures and collages made from papier-mâché, found objects, and fabrics. Some of Sarg’s illustrations from his work, The Tony Sarg Marionette Book, are included as primary sources, as well as advertisements and articles from the New York Times.  In an author’s note following the story, Sweet explains her illustrations were created to give the reader the feel of what life was like in Sarg’s world. Sweet hit the nail on the head with her attempt to illustrate his philosophy that “play [is] the most important element in making art” (Sweet 2011).

The combination of Sarg-inspired illustrations and bibliographic information shows Sweet’s passion for this particular topic. More information about Tony Sarg is included in her author’s note. A Thank You page credits those who helped in assembling the facts for the book. Eighteen sources are included in her bibliography, as well as four different quote sources. Photos hail from the Nantucket Historical Association, and original advertisements in the New York Times were provided by Macy’s Inc.

Personal Response

I found each page of this text fascinating. I learned much about Tony Sarg and how the Macy’s Parade originated. Having had the opportunity to participate in the parade, I found this text especially interesting. I would highly recommend this book for nonfiction lessons.

Awards and Reviews

A 2012 Orbis Pictus Award for Outstanding Nonfiction for Children Winner
A 2012 Robert F. Sibert Informational Book Medal Winner

A 2012 Charlotte Zolotow Award Winner

“What [Sweet] has done is make a joyous piece of nonfiction that informs and delights in equal parts.” -Ilene Cooper, Booklist

“This clever marriage of information and illustration soars high.”- Kirkus Reviews

“The rush that comes from inspiration, the cliffhanger moments of creation, the sheer joy of building something and watching it delight the multitudes-Sweet captures it all in what is truly a story for all ages.” –Publisher’s Weekly

Connections

Further research and entertainment regarding the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade can be conducted using the following books:

Corey, Shana. 2002. Milly and the Macy’s Parade. Ill. by Brett Helquist. New York: Scholastic Press. ISBN 9780439297554

Grippo, Robert M. and Christopher Hoskins.  2004. Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9780738535623

Pease, Pamela. 2002. Macy’s on Parade: A Pop-Up Celebration of the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. Chapel Hill, NC: Paintbox Press. ISBN 9780966943320

Book Trailer: Turtle In Paradise by Jennifer L. Holm

Poetry: The One and Only Ivan by Katherine Applegate

Applegate, Katherine. 2012. The One and Only Ivan. Ill. by Patricia Castelao. New York: Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 9780061992254

Summary

Ivan is a silverback gorilla and the main attraction at the Exit 8 Big Top Mall and Video Arcade. The natural instinct for a silverback is to protect, but Ivan has no one to protect, as he lives in a domain all to himself. That is until Ruby, a young, innocent elephant comes to live at the attraction. Ivan makes a promise to a friend to find a better life for Ruby. With the help of Julia, the maintenance man’s daughter, and the motivation from a fearless stray dog named Bob, Ivan uses his passion for art to build a better life for himself and for Ruby.

Analysis

Written as a free verse novel, The One and Only Ivan is an epic narrative formulated around a true story that took place in Washington state. While no rhyming or rhythmic patterns are detected, emotion flows freely from Applegate’s remarkable language.

The few illustrations included in the novel are filled with powerful emotions. Illustrator Patricia Castelao creatively shows exactly what the characters are thinking through her stunning, detailed sketches. 

Figurative language and wonderful imagery grace each and every page. Ivan speaks of the spectators and how they “[drift] past [his] domain like logs on a lazy river.”  At his first sight of watercolors, he describes, “When the brush meets the damp paper, pink petals of color unfurl like morning flowers.” Even Ivan’s dreams of freedom are vivid and filled with rich imagery: “the sun slices through the thick ceiling of trees and the breeze tastes like fruit.”

Applegate also infuses the realities of animals into her story. She brings to light the notion that an elephant never forgets as she describes Stella, who “remembers every moment since she was born: every scent, every sunset, every slight, every victory.” Another touching moment of animal reality is in Ivan’s delight while being groomed: “is there anything sweeter than the touch of another as she pulls a dead bug from your fur?”

Animosity towards humans is present throughout the story, as hunters and capturers placed the animals into their lonely domains. Ivan repeatedly refers to humans as “slimy chimps” as an offense to their sweaty, hairless skin. Bob, the stray dog, and Stella, the elephant, also make unenthusiastic comments about the human kind.

The reader encounters a multitude of natural emotions throughout the story, mostly feelings of heartache and sadness. Our hearts break at the unfortunate death of a favorite character, and through the threats of inhumane treatment by the mall owner. We empathize with Ivan and his longing for a better life, not only for Ruby, but also for himself. Throughout the denouement, the poignant emotions begin to subside, and feelings of relief, positive anxiousness, and happiness emerge.

Personal Response

The One and Only Ivan is a wonderful, yet heart-wrenching story. I began reading it knowing that it was a sad tale. If it weren't for the promise from a friend that there was a happy ending, I may not have been able to finish the story because of how heartbreaking it is at different parts. I am very glad that I followed my friend’s advice and finished the story, because the ending was very touching. Learning that Ivan was, in fact, a real gorilla who lived this sad life made me appreciate the story even more.

Reviews and Awards

A 2012 Newberry Medal Winner

"Utterly believable, this bittersweet story, complete with an author's note identifying the real Ivan, will inspire a new generation of advocates. "- Kirkus Reviews

"Applegate makes a powerful statement about the treatment of animals-especially those living in captivity-and reminds readers that all creatures deserve a safe place to call home. Castelao's delightful illustrations enhance this lovely story, and the characters will capture readers' hearts and never let go. A must-have."- School Library Journal

Connections

This book is a 2013-2014 Bluebonnet Award Nominee in the state of Texas. Students can read other books on the list and vote for their favorites.

For students in upper elementary/middle school, research can be done on the treatment of animals in small venues like the one in the story, circuses past and present, as well as in zoos. Students can present the similarities and differences within each setting and how they have changed over time. 

Poetry: The Wild Book by Margarita Engle

Engle, Margarita. 2012. The Wild Book. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing. ISBN 9780574581316

Summary

The Wild Book shares the story of a young girl’s struggle with “word-blindness”, known today as dyslexia. Based on the stories told by her grandmother, Margarita Engle takes the reader through the trials and tribulations that a Cuban family endures in 1912. The story is told from the perspective of Fefa, the suffering child. After being hostilely diagnosed with word-blindness by a doctor, Fefa’s mother gives her a book filled with blank pages and tells her to “think of it as a garden… throw wildflower seeds all over the page...let the words sprout like seedlings…watch as your wild diary grows.” Fefa’s diary fills with words…words of frustration over her dyslexia, words of fear as thieves threaten their home, words of sadness as her brother teeters between life and death, and finally, words of gladness as she overcomes her inability to read and write.

Analysis

Written as a verse novel, The Wild Book takes the reader through a collection of poems, fused together to create one epic tale. Engle organizes her work into short lines of three to five words that convey Fefa’s strong feelings. There is no rhythmic meter to the poetry, however, the separation of words between lines and the lines into stanzas display strong emotions. When Engle writes of Fefa’s slow progression, each word is placed on a different line to really transmit the struggle she endures.

The entire story revolves around the metaphor that Fefa’s book is a garden, sprouting seedlings letters that eventually grow into strong, recognizable words.  Similes are presented throughout as Fefa grows into a stronger reader and writer. At one point, Fefa describes her letters as “loopy and beautiful…like the tendrils of a garden vine as it climbs over a tall fence to go exploring.”

This poignant language is shared amongst all the pages of the novel. The reader is able to visualize and empathize with Fefa as struggles arise. When her brother is accidentally wounded at his own hand, the imagery created by Engle resonates with the reader… “I tremble and weep as Mama binds the ghastly wound in a frantic effort to slow the savage waterfall of bleeding.” This remarkable language is present from beginning to end, whether the mood is joyful or distressing.

The importance of Cuban and Nicaraguan poetry is emulated through the mother, who not only shares this poetry with her family, but names two of her sons after famous Nicaraguan poets. Poetry is shared amongst family and community members at several different points.  In the author’s note, Engle shares her inspiration for the story and mentions that, in the early 1900s, “poetry was a treasured aspect of daily life.”

Engle’s vivid language facilitates the understanding of the struggles within the family each and every day. The reader can truly comprehend each and every emotion conveyed through the writing…fear, pain, frustration, love, and happiness. A natural emotion is expressed as an overarching theme of perseverance resides.

Personal Response

The Wild Book is one of the best books I have read that rests under the large poetry umbrella. Throughout the entire story, I was entranced by Engle’s vivid language. This verse novel would be a great source for getting young readers interested in poetry, as it takes a different approach in a narrative format.

Reviews 

“Spare, dreamlike verse pairs perfectly with a first-person narrator whose understanding of written language is unique.”- Horn Book

“The author gives readers a portrait of a tumultuous period in Cuban history and skillfully integrates island flora, fauna and mythology into Fefa's first-person tale. This canvas heightens Fefa's determination to rise above the expectations of her siblings, peers and society. A beautiful tale of perseverance.” –Kirkus Reviews

Connections

The Wild Book is not only a wonderful example of quality poetry, but also a story that lends itself to discussions of the differences students have in learning capabilities. Reading this with a class or small group can build empathy within students, teaching them to understand and accept the different ways that their peers may learn. Character building is a large part of today’s education systems.

After learning about the dangers presented to Fefa’s family, students can research life in Cuba both in the early 1900s and today. They can compare and contrast what they learn, then write about how Fefa’s life would be different if she lived in present day Cuba and suffered from word-blindness.

Poetry: Doodle Dandies: Poems That Take Shape by J. Patrick Lewis

Lewis, J. Patrick. 1998. Doodle Dandies: Poems That Take Shape. Ill. by Lisa Desimini. New York: Athenum Books for Young Readers. ISBN 068981075X

Summary

Doodle Dandies: Poems That Take Shape is an entertaining and innovative collection of nineteen poem written within the shapes of the objects described. Tigers and giraffes are represented, along with weeping willows, umbrellas, mirrors, and a synchronized swimming team, to name a few. Lisa Desimini’s creative illustrations play a critical role in the story that is told within each verse.

Analysis

In this individual poet compilation, J. Patrick Lewis transfixes the reader with his ingenious approach to poetry. Each poem is written in a shape relevant to the main idea. Desimini’s mixed media illustrations are enjoyable and pleasing to the eye. They give real meaning to each poem and fit perfectly with Lewis’ extraordinary language. Each poem possesses different elements of poetry.

Rhythm and rhyme vary from poem to poem. Some follow a free verse format, while others appear lyrical. In the umbrella poem, a distinct rhythm is detected, with rhyming words on the end beats. In the butterfly poem, a single line is written, no rhyme or rhythm involved.

Assonance is an important factor in the poem about basketball, but only because of the need for an ‘O’ shape, not necessarily for the vowel repetition. The poem is illustrated in a rainbow-like arc, each line including one word with the letter ‘O’, but with a basketball drawn instead of the letter. The vowel sounds differ throughout the poem, therefore, assonance isn't in its true form.

The language within each poem is arranged in vivid meaningful ways, mostly due to the shape it is taking. The words themselves, however, are just as moving.  In “Weeping Willow”, the words are arranged in the shape of the weeping willow tree, while conveying sorrow through the words:  “In the far field of sadness stands the wee widow weeping.”

The imagery in Doodle Dandies is not limited to the illustrations. In “First Burst of Spring”, the author arranged the last word vertically to help us understand how hard the bud is trying to grow… “The day is cold, the earth is mud, but don’t let anything stop you, bud!” The poem about the dachshund does not show an actual picture of the dog, but uses the simile “like a sausage on a string” to help the reader visualize the animal.

Each poem expresses a different emotion. The reader feels hopeful for the bud trying to grow, sad for the weeping widow, and excited to see the synchronized swimmers. The reader can unquestionably derive a natural emotion as a response to each poem. Overall, readers can emanate enjoyment and appreciation for Lewis and Desimini’s ingenuity!

Personal Response

Doodle Dandies is one of the most creative poetry books I have encountered! I was impressed with each verse and illustration. Fascination struck me with each and every turn of the page!

Reviews

“From endpaper to doodled endpaper, this mix of clever language and visual delights makes a dandy treat for all ages.”-Publishers Weekly

Connections

After reading Doodle Dandies, the teacher or librarian can challenge students to come up with their own person, animal, or object, write a poem about it, and arrange the words into the shape. Each individual can contribute their shape poem to a class compilation.

Roemer, Heidi. 2004. Come To My Party and Other Shape Poems. New York: Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 9780805066203

Traditional Literature: Rapunzel by Paul O. Zelinsky

Zelinsky, Paul O. 1997. Rapunzel. New York: Dutton Children's Books. ISBN 0525456074

Summary

This classic fairy tale begins with a man and his wife who are expecting a child. The wife overlooks a sorceress' garden that was forbidden to everyone. The wife longs for a bed of rapunzel vines, to the point of uncontrollable cravings making her ill. The husband repeatedly sneaks the rapunzel back to his wife, but is eventually caught by the sorceress. He is forced to give their new baby in exchange for his wife's good health. The sorceress names the baby Rapunzel and places her into a tall tower, where she grows to be a beauty with exquisite long hair, which is used by the sorceress to climb into the tower. Years later, a prince hears her beautiful voice and goes to the top of the tower by way of her hair. They fall in love and marry in the tower, unbeknownst to the sorceress. She later finds Rapunzel to be with child, cuts her hair off, and sends her into the wild. In the discovery of his lost wife, the prince suffers a fall that renders him blind. Rapunzel and the prince finally find each other, he regains his sight, and they make their way to his kingdom where they live "a long life, happy and content."

Analysis

This fairy tale does not stray from the classic story that has been retold for ages. The style of writing follows the typical format, sharing the good vs. evil. What really makes the story are the illustrations. The characters are beautifully depicted through Zelinsky's breathtaking oil paintings. Their emotions are vividly drawn, helping the reader understand the feelings of love, fright, desperation, and anger. His illustrations give the setting a Tuscan feel. Each picture is very detailed, down to the leaves on the trees and each hair on Rapunzel's head. In this story, the combination of true love and good does triumph over evil, following the classic fairy tale patterns.

Personal Response

It was difficult for me to focus on the quality of the writing because of the amazing illustrations. Zelinsky's work in all of his stories are breathtaking. I had the privilege of witnessing his illustrating live at the 2012 Texas Book Festival, as he drew illustrations while author Emily Jenkins read from her story, Toys Come Home. His talent is indescribable. I was amazed at the fascinating artwork he was able to create in a matter of minutes.

Reviews and Awards

A 1998 Caldecott Medal Book

 "A breathtaking interpretation gives the fairy tale new art-historical roots, with illustrations that daringly-and effectively-mimic the masters of Italian Renaissance painting." - Publisher's Weekly

"It takes a scholar's mind and an artist's insight to endow the familiar with unexpected nuances--which Zelinsky does with passion and dazzling technique. His choice of a Renaissance setting is inspired, allowing for many artistic and architectural allusions. The book demonstrates respect for the traditions of painting and the fairy tale while at the same time adhering to a singular, wholly original, artistic vision." -Horn Book


Connections

Students can do an author/illustrator study, learning the works of Paul O. Zelinsky. Other classics he has authored and/or illustrated include Rumpelstiltskin and Hansel and Gretel.

Student can compare variations of the story of Rapunzel, including other retellings and fractured fairy tales.

With appropriate permissions, students can compare the story of Rapunzel to the Disney film, Tangled. 

Traditional Literature: The Lady in the Blue Cloak: Legends from the Texas Missions by Eric Kimmel

Kimmel, Eric. 2006. The Lady In The Blue Cloak: Legends from the Texas Missions. Ill. by Susan Guevara. USA: Holiday House. ISBN 0823417387

Summary

The Lady in the Blue Cloak: Legends from the Texas Missions shares six stories of heartfelt deeds of the people who lived during this time in history.

"The Lady in the Blue Cloak" is a tale of Tejas Indians learning the word of God through a mysterious lady wearing a blue cloak. The Indians learn new information from Padres who are unaware of the mystery woman. The lady turns out to be a holy nun who was known to have visions of traveling to far off places, but never actually left her home.

 "Rosa's Window" is a tale of love lost. Pedro is called to do God's work in the New World, but is hesitant to leave his fiance Rosa. After being persuaded by Rosa to go, Pedro heads to Texas to decorate the church with his carvings. He later learns of Rosa's death and carves a masterpiece in her honor.

 "The Bell" also shares a story of love. Dona Teresa and her groom Don Angel are separated as he goes to the mission with his padre cousin. Before he left, Don Angel gives his bride a ring and cross on a chain as a symbol of their love and devotion. Unfortunately, Don Angel dies before he can share the new world with Dona Teresa. A bell is created for the mission in which Don Angel did his work. While the bronze is being poured into the mold, Dona Teresa throws the ring and chain into the mold, so she can be with her loved one forever. Others who were there did the same with their rings and crosses. Dona Teresa takes her last breath as the bell rings for the first time.

"The Miracle at the Gate" demonstrates the power of prayer during a Comanche attack. A padre on watch misses the signs of attack, not allowing enough time for the workers in the field to safely run into the mission. The gates remained open as the padres pray for protection. All the workers make it safely into the mission and the Comanches are unable to get through.

"The Christmas Vine" is a tale precious gifts. A small child wants to bring the Holy Family a gift, but is unable to produce anything he deems worthy. The padre shares with him "the most precious gifts are the ones that cannot be seen with our eyes." The boy and the padre search for a gift, finding a vine that isn't very beautiful. The vine transforms into a beautiful sight, making the boy feel very proud. Today, the vine is known as the "Margil Vine."

"The Padre's Gift" teaches the reader about kindness and how it pays off. Two stories share what happens when people find bad luck, but are kind to strangers (who happen to be padres). These tales are still passed along today, as people in San Antonio tell their children to "always be polite and kind to strangers, especially if they wear brown robes and walk with sandals on their feet."

Analysis

The characters throughout the legends are both padres and civilians who are doing their part for the new world. Kimmel retells the stories in a beautiful light, sharing the feelings of love, loss, and struggle with the reader. Each story shares the location of the mission, and what has become of them. The reader learns of missions that have been lost, and others that are now famous landmarks, such as The Alamo.

Each story brings a different theme. The stories do not always end happily, but provide messages of strong love and religious devotion. The author keeps each story culturally specific, stating names and locations of each character and mission. The stories help the reader gain insight into the development of Texas and shares the lessons that are still imparted on families in the area today.

Susan Guevara does a wonderful job with her full page, detailed oil paintings. Each story is introduced with Guevara's artwork, something that stays true to the genre and to the time in which the stories take place. The paintings grasp the important aspects of each story.

Personal Response

I found this book to be very interesting. The heartwarming stories helped me understand more about the Texas Missions, something I was uneducated about.

Reviews and Awards

"Kimmel delves into a lesser-known topic the lore of the beginnings of Spanish missions in Texas with this unusual and compelling collection. Guevera provides an opener to each legend with her elegant full-page oil paintings evocative of the symbols and themes of the era." -Publisher's Weekly

"This is a lovely book that will probably prove most useful in Texas and possibly in other areas with a history of Spanish missions." -School Library Journal

Connections

Teachers can combine their language arts lessons on legends with social studies research on the actual missions. These two books can aid in the research aspect:

Gendell, Megan. 2010.  The Spanish Missions of Texas. New York: Children's Press. ISBN 0531212432

Levy, Janey. 2010. The Missions of Texas. New York: Rosen Classroom. ISBN 1615324569

Traditional Literature: The Three Horrid Little Pigs

Pichon, Liz. 2008. The Three Horrid Little Pigs. Great Britain: Little Tiger Press. ISBN 9781589250772

Summary

In this fractured fairy tale, the three little pigs are different from those in the classic tale...they are troublemakers! Their mother sends them out of the house after "having enough of the pesky pigs." Each pig sets off to find his own land and build a home. A friendly wolf sees the mess that each pig makes while lazily building their homes. The wolf offers to help build a more secure home. Each pig rudely responds and says the statement "I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll kick you out!" After being rejected by each pig, the wolf returns home. Finally, after each house is somehow destroyed, the pigs discover the warm, comfortable house owned by the wolf, sneak through the chimney, and are welcomed in by the wolf. The pigs drop their horrid behaviors and learn to build a sturdy home.

Analysis

The characters in The Three Horrid Little Pigs are very enjoyable. The pigs take on a dynamic character role, being "horrid" through the majority of the book, then changing into friendly, helpful pigs in the end.  The wolf remains static, friendly and helpful throughout the story, even at the end when the pigs had treated him so poorly.

The plot and setting is very similar to the classic story. Each pig faces his own dilemma with the structure of his home, beginning with the least sturdy material (hay) and moving up to a more secure material (the already made chicken coop). A wolf visits each house, but does not destroy them in this case. Similar materials are used to construct the homes as in the classic story, and each illustration shows their homes being built in a pasture or on a farm.

Typically, a rendition of "The Three Little Pigs" is a cautionary tale. This doesn't seem as evident in The Three Horrid Little Pigs. The writing gives off more of a "love thy neighbor" message. The author's style is repetitive, much like the classic version. Each encounter with a pig is similar...difficulties with creating a home, a kind gesture from a friendly wolf, followed by an angry response from the pigs.

The colorful cartoon illustrations provide the reader with wonderful images of the mischievous pigs. There are captions included throughout the illustrations that show us what the characters are thinking. Another significant factor is the font size, which often changes based on the language. The more intense moments are depicted in a larger, bolder font.

Personal Response

As a big fan of fractured fairy tales, I thoroughly enjoyed The Three Horrid Little Pigs. I think it is a hilarious spin on the classic tale, placing the wolf in a kind light. This book would pair well with Jon Scieszka's The True Story of the Three Little Pigs.

Reviews

"The lively narrative, printed in playfully arranged text of varying size, is well suited for spirited read-alouds, as are the colorful illustrations that add to the hilarity with expressive characters. Children will enjoy the clever twist on a familiar story." -Booklist

"This picture book serves as another fine example of a fairytale twist that will be enjoyed by young readers." -Library Media Connections

Connections

After reading The Three Horrid Little Pigs and also reviewing the original tale, students can be challenged to write their own version of the classic story.

There are several versions of The Three Little Pigs available to readers. A whole grade level can take a rendition of the classic tale and turn it into a play or a reader's theater. Titles that can be used include, but are not limited to,  The Three Horrid Little Pigs, The Three Little Javelinas by Susan Lowell, and The True Story of the Three Little Pigs by Jon Scieszka. This would make for a fun performance night for parents!

Picture Books: Eloise by Kay Thompson

Thompson, Kay. 1955. Eloise. Ill. by Hilary Knight. New York: Simon and Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 067122350X


Summary

Eloise  is a classic tale of six year old girl who lives at The Plaza Hotel. The reader is taken through her everyday life, from learning about her pets and dolls, to living through her antics with her Nanny, tutor, and other hotel employees. Eloise shows all the different places she travels through the hotel, and all the mischief that is made. The story demonstrates what life is like for a wealthy child being raised by a nanny and hotel staff.

Analysis

Eloise follows no standard plot line. It is an account of Eloise's daily life, mostly in chronological order, but does not include any sort of problem and solution. The reader quickly realizes that there are no periods to end sentences. The lack of punctuation creates confusion as thoughts change throughout the story.

Language plays an important role. First, the author wrote words like bawth, cawn't, and rawther, along with French dialect to help the reader grasp the accents. Also, Eloise mentions that her Nanny "always says everything three times." Throughout the story, references to the Nanny usually include words repeated three times.

Eloise's behavior is crucial in the story line. The adults use words like "nuisance" and are described as being "ready to go home" after spending time with her. The reader is able to sense her inability to sit still as she jumps from place to place...riding the elevator through several floors, running around the caterers, bouncing between banquet rooms and ballrooms, playing in the men's room.

Eloise's mother is never physically with her. The story alludes to a boyfriend, mom's lawyer with whom she spends lots of time with in Virginia. The mother knows many important people in Eloise's eyes. She says that her nanny is her companion. There is no mention of a father.

Finally, Hilary Knight's illustrations really bring to life the shenanigans that Eloise participates in daily. Hand drawn works of art are published in black and white with varying hues of pink on each image. The details in the facial expressions on the characters help the reader understand how Eloise, the Nanny, the tutor, and all other hotel employees and guests truly feel as she goes about her day. Illustrations include content that would not be often found in picture books today, including images of adult beverages and smoking paraphernalia.

Personal Response

Eloise will not be going on my "favorite picture books" list. I found the lack of periods very confusing. Some of the content was inappropriate for children, including mentions of a "rendezvous room," fight nights, cigarettes, martinis, and beer. I think that her, spoiled, out of control behaviors set a bad example for children. I would not recommend the book for any kind of lesson.

Reviews 

"My first happy response to Eloise was entirely due to the brilliant, iconic images. That brazen, loose-limbed, deliciosly little girl monster is Hilary Knight at his best." — Maurice Sendak (artist and author)

Connections

Kann, Victoria and Elizabeth Kann. 2004. Pinkalicious. New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 0060776390

O'Connor, Jane. 2005. Fancy Nancy. Ill. by Robin Preiss Glasser. New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 0060542098